Show how, in writing An Essay of Dramatic Poesy, Dryden took into account the “historical and social context in which works of art arose” and discovered the idea of national and cultural relativism.

John Dryden's An Essay of Dramatic Poesy was written in the 17th century, a time of great upheaval and transformation in England's social and cultural landscape. The essay was published in 1668, just after the Restoration of the monarchy and the reopening of the theaters, which had been closed for nearly 20 years. In this context, Dryden's essay can be seen as an attempt to define the nature and purpose of drama in the new era of English society and culture.

One of the ways in which Dryden takes into account the historical and social context of his time is by engaging with the debates and controversies surrounding drama and its place in society. For example, he acknowledges the Puritan objections to theater and argues that drama can be a valuable moral and educational tool, rather than a corrupting influence on society. He also addresses the French influence on English drama and defends the English tradition against charges of barbarism and lack of refinement.

Dryden's essay also demonstrates his awareness of the idea of cultural and national relativism, which was just beginning to emerge in his time. He recognizes that different cultures and nations have different traditions and standards of taste, and that what is considered beautiful or artistic in one culture may not be in another. For example, he notes that the French and English have different approaches to drama, with the French emphasizing the rules of classical drama and the English valuing originality and creativity.

Dryden also acknowledges the role of the historical and cultural context in shaping the meaning and significance of works of art. He argues that the context in which a work is produced and received can affect its reception and interpretation and that different audiences may respond to the same work in different ways. He cites the example of Shakespeare's plays, which were initially popular with both the court and the common people, but which later came to be seen as too vulgar and coarse for polite society.

Overall, Dryden's An Essay of Dramatic Poesy reflects his engagement with the historical and social context of his time, as well as his recognition of the importance of cultural and national relativism in understanding works of art. His essay is a testament to the ongoing dialogue between artists and society, and to the evolving nature of artistic taste and standards over time.